![]() ![]() Initially, only the conception of red and green light theories existed. This question was then addressed through the foundation of traffic light theories. One of such thoughts raised a prominent question as to whether the executive actions should be brought under strict judicial control or executive actions should be independent of judicial control or a mid-way should be adopted between the two. In this way, these political debates contributed to the development of various new thoughts and ideologies within the ambit of administrative law. The conventional school of public administration favored rule of law and significance of legal rules and directives for the operation of administration whereas the new school supported the idea of governance reform which aimed to make administration more result-oriented through deviation from rigid legal rules and directives. In the early 1990s, there arose a huge debate worldwide over the concepts of “New Public Management” in England and “Reinventing Government” in America for governance reform. Should individual rights gain primacy over public interests?. ![]() Would it be appropriate to borrow the model of private legal adjudication in settling administrative (public) disputes?.Who is to be entrusted with the ultimate power – government or the judiciary?.Should courts be primarily responsible for administration?.What is the role of the law? What is the function of the judiciary?.This raised multiple crucial questions throughout the globe such as: This was later acknowledged by countries under Common legal system such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and Nepal wherein courts started applying the principles of administrative law to evaluate the plans, policies and actions of the government. was the first case to have recognized judicial supremacy and its exercise through judicial review. Madison ( see here) decided by the American Supreme Court in 1803 A.D. These theories emerged as a result of extensive intellectual debates on the relevance of judicial control over executive actions. in assessing the objectives of administrative law. red and green light theories in administrative law was first used by Harlow and Rawlings in 1948 A.D. ![]() The notion of traffic light theories i.e. Therefore, this article aims to explore the three theories of administrative law which help in understanding all these discourses i.e. When determining the role of judicial control over public administration with an intent to prevent power abuse and limit administrative discretion, there are various schools of thoughts which question as to whether the executive actions should be brought under strict judicial control or executive actions should be independent of judicial control or a mid-way should be adopted between the two.
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